- 给这本书评了5.0基础不牢,地动山摇
一般而言,政治哲学是研究政治 “应然状态” 的学问,也就是说,它是告诉我们理想中的政治应该是什么样子的。与政治哲学相对应的是政治科学,它是对政治进行 “实然分析” 的学问,也就是说,它告诉我们现实中的政治实际上是按照怎样的规律进行运作的。《利维坦》颠覆了两者之间的关系。作者霍布斯希望发现一种现实科学意义上成立的普遍人性,然后按照这个现实中普遍人性的规律来引导,建立一种新的政治哲学。这就跟传统上以道德为导向的政治哲学有极大区别。比如,古代政治哲学都是告诉你,你的灵魂应该向善,应该向往智慧,应该接近神的道路,然后以这些道德劝诫为方向,告诉你好的国家是怎样的。霍布斯却告诉你,人的本性就是自私自利、贪婪凶恶、贪生怕死的,你不要妄图改变人性,而是只能在这个基础上建立一个国家。所以好的国家不是能引导人向善的国家,而是能镇得住一切贪生怕死凶恶之徒的国家,引导人向善不是国家的工作,也没有任何意义,国家的工作就是让人们用和平的手段去满足自己的利益。
转发转发同时评论快速转发211分享「微信」扫码分享给这本书评了4.0And thus I have brought to an end my Discourse of Civill and Ecclesiasticall Government,occasioned by the disorders of the present time,without partiality,without application,and without other designe,than to set before mens eyes the mutuall Relation between Protection and Obedience;of which the condition of Humane Nature,and the Laws Divine,(both Naturall and Positive)require an inviolable observation.And though in the revolution of States,there can be no very good Constellation for Truths of this nature to be born under,(as having an angry aspect from the dissolvers of an old Government,and seeing but the backs of them that erect a new;)yet I cannot think it will be condemned at this time,either by the Publique Judge of Doctrine,or by any that desires the continuance of Publique Peace.And in this hope I return to my interrupted Speculation of Bodies Naturall;wherein,(if God give me health to finish it,)I hope the Novelty will as much please,as in the Doctrine of this Artificiall Body it useth to offend.For such Truth,as opposeth no mans profit,nor pleasure,is to all men Welcome.
转发转发同时评论快速转发评论1分享「微信」扫码分享